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Сара Маргарет Фуллер Оссоли, более известная как Маргарет Фуллер — американская журналистка, писательница, критик, борец за права женщин, яркий представитель американского трансцендентализма. Её книга «Женщина в XIX веке» считается первым значительным произведением феминизма в США.

Урождённая Сара Маргарет Фуллер родилась в Кэмбридже . Основы её образования заложил ещё в раннем детстве отец, Тимоти Фуллер. Позднее она получила формальное школьное образование и стала учителем. К 1839 году она стала замечать, что женщинам не хватает возможности получить высшее образование, и они пытаются компенсировать это «разговорами». Она стала первым редактором трансценденталисткого издания The Dial в 1840 году, а затем перешла в редакционный коллектив New York Tribune под руководством Хораса Грили в 1844 году. К тридцати годам Фуллер имела репутацию самого начитанного человека в Новой Англии, а также была первой женщиной, которая получила доступ в библиотеку Гарвард-колледжа. Её исторический труд «Женщина XIX века» был опубликован в 1845 году. Годом позже редакция Tribune направила её в Европу в качестве своего первого корреспондента-женщины. Она увлеклась идеями итальянской революции и сблизилась с Джузеппе Мадзини. У неё случился роман с Джованни Оссоли, от которого она родила ребёнка, сына Анджело. Все трое погибли при кораблекрушении недалеко от побережья США , когда возвращались в США в 1850 году. Тело Маргарет Фуллер так и не было найдено.

Фуллер отстаивала права женщин, в частности право на образование и право на работу. Она стала идейным вдохновителем многих других реформ в обществе, в частности тюремной реформы, освобождения из рабства в США. Многие другие борцы за права женщин и феминистки, в частности Сьюзан Энтони, считали Маргарет Фуллер источником своего вдохновения. Современники, однако, не поддерживали её идеи, среди них — бывшая подруга Фуллер, Гарриет Мартино. Она считала, что Фуллер «больше говорила, чем делала». Вскоре после смерти Фуллер многие из её еще неопубликованных её работ подверглись сокращениям и переработке, поскольку редакторы не видели большого будущего за её произведениями.

Дружила с американской поэтессой Сарой Хелен Уитман и писательницей Элизабет Эллет. Все три женщины сыграли непростую роль в жизни Эдгара Аллана По.



«Человечество делится на мужчин, женщин и Маргарет Фуллер» Wikipedia  

✵ 23. Май 1810 – 19. Июль 1850
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Фуллер, Маргарет: Цитаты на английском языке

“We will worship by impromptu symbols, till the religion is framed for all Humanity. The beauty grows around us daily, the trees are now all in blossom and some of the vines; there is a Crown Imperial just in perfection, to which I paid my evening worship by the light of the fire, which reached to us, and there are flashes of lightening too. But I do not like the lightening so well as once, having been in too great danger. Yet just now a noble flash falls upon my paper, it ought to have noble thoughts to illumine, instead of these little nothings, but indeed to-night I write only to say: thou dear, dear friend, and we must must meet soon.”

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Margaret Fuller

Letter IV to James Nathan (March 1845).
The Love Letters Of Margaret Fuller (1903)

“In times of old, as we are told,
When men more child-like at the feet
Of Jesus sat, than now,
A chivalry was known more bold
Than ours, and yet of stricter vow,
Of worship more complete.”

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Margaret Fuller

Life Without and Life Within (1859), Sub Rosa, Crux

“There is a Polish countess here, who likes me much. She has been very handsome, still is, in the style of the full-blown rose. She is a widow, very rich, one of the emancipated women, naturally vivacious, and with talent. This woman envies me; she says, "How happy you are; so free, so serene, so attractive, so self-possessed!" I say not a word, but I do not look on myself as particularly enviable. A little money would have made me much more so; a little money would have enabled me to come here long ago, and find those that belong to me, or at least try my experiments; then my health would never have sunk, nor the best years of my life been wasted in useless friction. Had I money now, — could I only remain, take a faithful servant, and live alone, and still see those I love when it is best, that would suit me. It seems to me, very soon I shall be calmed, and begin to enjoy.”

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Margaret Fuller

Letter (17 November 1847).
Memoirs of Margaret Fuller Ossoli (1852)

“Wouldst have the princely spirit bowed?
Whisper only, speak not loud,
Mark and leave him in the crowd.

Thou need'st not spies nor jailers have;
The free will serve thee like the slave,
Coward shrinking from the brave.”

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Margaret Fuller

Life Without and Life Within (1859), The Captured Wild Horse

“Those who are not intimately and permanently linked with others, are thrown upon themselves; and, if they do not there find peace and incessant life, there is none to flatter them that they are not very poor, and very mean.
A position which so constantly admonishes, may be of inestimable benefit. The person may gain, undistracted by other relationships, a closer communion with the one. Such a use is made of it by saints and sibyls.”

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Margaret Fuller книга Woman in the Nineteenth Century

Woman in the Nineteenth Century (1845)

“Man tells his aspiration in his God; but in his demon he shows his depth of experience; and casts light into the cavern through which he worked his cause up to the cheerful day.”

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Margaret Fuller

As quoted in Margaret Fuller Ossoli (1898) by Thomas Wentworth Higginson, p. 289-91.

“There are to whom each symbol is a mask;
The life of love is a mysterious task;
They want no answer, for they would not ask.”

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Margaret Fuller

Life Without and Life Within (1859), The One In All

“We doubt not the destiny of our country — that she is to accomplish great things for human nature, and be the mother of a nobler race than the world has yet known. But she has been so false to the scheme made out at her nativity, that it is now hard to say which way that destiny points.”

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Margaret Fuller

"American Facts" in Life Without and Life Within (1860) edited by Arthur Buckminster Fuller, p. 108.

“The use of criticism, in periodical writing, is to sift, not to stamp a work.”

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Margaret Fuller

"A Short Essay on Critics" in Papers on Literature and Art (1846), p. 5.

“Were the destiny of woman thus exactly marked out, did she invariably retain the shelter of a parent’s or guardian’s roof till she married, did marriage give her a sure home and a protector, were she never liable to be made a widow, or, if so, sure of finding immediate protection from a brother or new husband, so that she might never be forced to stand alone one moment, and were her mind given for this world only, with no faculties capable of eternal growth and infinite improvement, we would still demand of her a far wider and more generous culture than is proposed by those who so anxiously define her sphere.”

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Margaret Fuller

Article, The New York Daily Tribune (30 September 1845); quoted in Brilliant Bylines (1986) by Barbara Belford.

“For precocity some great price is always demanded sooner or later in life.”

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Margaret Fuller

As quoted in Margaret Fuller Ossoli (1898) by Thomas Wentworth Higginson, p. 289.

“I am 'too fiery' … yet I wish to be seen as I am, and would lose all rather than soften away anything.”

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Margaret Fuller

As quoted by Joseph Jay Deiss in "Humanity, said Edgar Allan Poe, is divided into Men, Women, and Margaret Fuller" in American Heritage magazine, Vol. 23, Issue 5 (August 1972) http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/ah/1972/5/1972_5_42.shtml.

“How many persons must there be who cannot worship alone since they are content with so little.”

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Margaret Fuller

Letter to Rev. W. H. Channing (31 December 1843) quoted in Margaret Fuller Ossoli (1898) by Thomas Wentworth Higginson, p. 184.

“Essays, entitled critical, are epistles addressed to the public, through which the mind of the recluse relieves itself of its impressions.”

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Margaret Fuller

"A Short Essay on Critics" in Art, Literature and the Drama (1858).

“This is my tendency; but can I say
That this my thought leads the true, only way?
I only know it constant leads, and I obey.”

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Margaret Fuller

Life Without and Life Within (1859), The One In All

“It is not because the touch of genius has roused genius to production, but because the admiration of genius has made talent ambitious, that the harvest is still so abundant.”

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Margaret Fuller

"The Modern Drama" in Art, Literature and the Drama (1858).

“Genius will live and thrive without training, but it does not the less reward the watering-pot and pruning-knife.”

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Margaret Fuller

"Life of Sir James Mackintosh" in Papers on Literature and Art (1846), p. 50.

“There exists in the minds of men a tone of feeling toward women as toward slaves.”

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Margaret Fuller книга Woman in the Nineteenth Century

Woman in the Nineteenth Century (1845)

“You ask a faith, — they are content with faith;
You ask to have, — but they reply "IT hath."
There is no end, there need be no path.”

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Margaret Fuller

Life Without and Life Within (1859), The One In All

“Plants of great vigor will almost always struggle into blossom, despite impediments. But there should be encouragement, and a free genial atmosphere for those of more timid sort, fair play for each in its own kind.”

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Margaret Fuller книга Woman in the Nineteenth Century

Woman in the Nineteenth Century (1845)

“Art can only be truly art by presenting an adequate outward symbol of some fact in the interior life.”

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Margaret Fuller

Part II, Things and Thoughts of Europe, p. 198.
At Home And Abroad (1856)

“The day wears heavily, — why, then, ignore it;
Peace is the soul's desire, — such thoughts restore it;
The truth thou art, — it needs not implore it.”

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Margaret Fuller

Life Without and Life Within (1859), The One In All

“To one who has enjoyed the full life of any scene, of any hour, what thoughts can be recorded about it, seem like the commas and semicolons in the paragraph, mere stops.”

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Margaret Fuller

Источник: , in 1843 (1844), p. 10.

“Let it not be said, wherever there is energy or creative genius, 'She has a masculine mind.'
This by no means argues a willing want of generosity toward Woman. Man is as generous towards her as he knows how to be. Wherever she has herself arisen in national or private history, and nobly shone forth in any form of excellence, men have received her, not only willingly, but with triumph.”

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Margaret Fuller книга Woman in the Nineteenth Century

Woman in the Nineteenth Century (1845)

“I accept the universe.”

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Margaret Fuller

As quoted in The Varieties of Religious Experience (1902) http://etext.virginia.edu/toc/modeng/public/JamVari.html by William James
Gad! She'd better. - response of Thomas Carlyle

“Every relation, every gradation of nature is incalculably precious, but only to the soul which is poised upon itself, and to whom no loss, no change, can bring dull discord, for it is in harmony with the central soul. If any individual live too much in relations, so that he becomes a stranger to the resources of his own nature, he falls, after a while, into a distraction, or imbecility, from which he can only becured by a time of isolation, which gives the renovating fountains time to rise up. With a society it is the same.”

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Margaret Fuller книга Woman in the Nineteenth Century

Woman in the Nineteenth Century (1845)