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Го́вард Ка́ннингем , или Уорд Каннингем — американский программист, изобретатель технологии вики, один из пионеров в области паттернов и экстремального программирования.

Каннингем родился 26 мая 1949 года в городе Мичиган-Сити в штате Индиана. Получил степень бакалавра в Университете Пердью в Уэст-Лафейетте в штате Индиана.

В конце 1980-х годов начал разрабатывать концепцию вики. Впервые реализовал её на практике в середине 1990-х годов. 25 марта 1995 года был открыт первый сайт «Портлендское хранилище образцов» программного кода, работающий на этой технологии, для чего был написан первый вики-движок WikiWikiWeb. Каннингем объяснил выбор названия движка тем, что он вспомнил работника международного аэропорта Гонолулу, посоветовавшего ему воспользоваться вики-вики шаттлом — небольшим автобусом, курсировавшим между терминалами аэропорта. Слово «wiki» на гавайском языке означает «быстро»; Каннингем же планировал сделать движок, позволявший пользователям максимально быстро редактировать и создавать статьи.

С 2003 по осень 2005 года работал в корпорации Майкрософт. С октября 2005 по 2007 год — директор фонда Eclipse Foundation. С 2007 года по настоящее время является главным инженером компании AboutUs. Wikipedia  

✵ 26. Май 1949
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Каннингем, Уорд: Цитаты на английском языке

“All the time we find ourselves in situations where people know things about the program, but they can't apply that knowledge to the program. Why? Because the knowledge runs counter to some organizational decision that was made before they had that knowledge. In other words, the program becomes resistant to that collection of knowledge.”

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Ward Cunningham

A Conversation with Ward Cunningham (2003), Collective Ownership of Code and Text

“The code might be organized in a hierarchy, but the solution has more dimensions than will fit in a hierarchy. So when you discover a solution in a dimension that crosses across the hierarchy, you just have to go where the solution takes you and put the solution in.”

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Ward Cunningham

A Conversation with Ward Cunningham (2003), Collective Ownership of Code and Text

“Often, the program ends up amazing. You'll say, "This is beautifully architected." Well, where did that architecture come from?
In this case, architecture means the systematic way we deal with diverse requirements. Architecture allows us, when we go to do work we need to do on the program, to find where things go. It is a system that was worked into the program by all the little decisions we made — little decisions that were right, and little decisions that were wrong and corrected. In a sense we get the architecture without really trying. All the decisions in the context of the other decisions simply gel into an architecture.”

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Ward Cunningham

A Conversation with Ward Cunningham (2003), Working the Program

“Before wikis, computer writing was all about the words. The computer could help you type them, spell them, hyphenate them, size them, shape them, and align them. But when it came to developing your thought, well, you were on your own.”

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Ward Cunningham

Foreword to Wikis for Dummies

“Many people have experience with a program that's gotten out of control. They have an idea. They think they know what they want to do. But when they go to put the idea in, the idea is forgotten by the time they've figured out how to put it in.”

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Ward Cunningham

A Conversation with Ward Cunningham (2003), To Plan or Not To Plan

“Why have a locked wiki when you can instead just post static Web pages?”

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Ward Cunningham

On the lack of sense in using the Wiki format for overly constrained or simply locked pages, in The Wiki Way: Quick collaboration on the Web (2001), co-authored with Bo Leuf

“One’s words are a gift to the community. For the wiki nature to take whole, you have to let go of your words. You have to be okay with that. This goes into the name, called refactoring. To collaborate on a work, one must trust. The reason the cooperation happens is we are people and it is deep in our nature to do things together.”

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Ward Cunningham

Crucible of Creativity (2005)

“With wiki, you have to trust people more than you have any reason to trust them. In 1995, it was a safer environment, don’t know if I could have launched wiki today.”

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Ward Cunningham

Crucible of Creativity (2005)

“When I was at Tek, I was frustrated that computer hardware was being improved faster than computer software. I wanted to invent some software that was completely different, that would grow and change as it was used. That’s how wiki came about.”

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Ward Cunningham

"Startup mines for riches in collaboration software" in The Portland Tribune (7 March 2008) http://www.portlandtribune.com/rethinking/story.php?story_id=120430910578805900