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Никола́й Куза́нский, Николай Кузанец, Кузанус, настоящее имя Николай Кребс — кардинал Римской католической церкви, крупнейший немецкий мыслитель XV века, философ, теолог, учёный-энциклопедист, математик, церковно-политический деятель. Принадлежит к первым немецким гуманистам в эпоху перехода от позднего Средневековья к раннему Новому времени.

Николай Кузанский сыграл большую роль в церковной политике, в особенности, в дебатах относительно церковной реформы. На Базельском соборе он первоначально поддерживал позицию концилиаристов, требовавших ограничения полномочий Папы. Однако впоследствии он перешёл на папскую сторону, которая в итоге и одержала верх. Обладая дипломатическими способностями, он умело продвигал интересы Папы и сделал блестящую карьеру кардинала, папского легата, князь-епископа Бриксенского и генерального викария Папской области. В Бриксене он столкнулся с сильным противодействием местной аристократии и властей, которому не смог противостоять.

Как философ Николай Кузанский стоял на позициях неоплатонизма, идеи которого он черпал как из античных, так из средневековых источников. Основой его философии являлась концепция соединения противоположностей в Едином, где разрешаются все видимые противоречия между несовместимыми. Метафизически и теологически он считал, что Бог есть Единое. В сфере теории государства и политики он также исповедовал идею единения. Самой важной целью он считал максимально широкое воплощение мира и согласия, невзирая на объективные различия во мнениях. В своей философии он развил необычное для своего времени представление о религиозной терпимости . Активно дискутируя об исламе, он признал за этой религией некоторую правдивость и право на существование. Wikipedia  

✵ 1401 – 11. Август 1464
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Николай Кузанский: Цитаты на английском языке

“News of the atrocities, which have recently been perpetrated by the Turkish king in Constantinople and have now been divulged, has so inflamed a man [Cusa himself] who once saw that region, with zeal for God, that amongst many sighs he asked the Creator of all things if in His kindness He might moderate the persecution, which raged more than usual on account of diverse religious rites. Then it occurred that after several days—indeed on account of lengthy, continuous meditation—a vision was manifested to the zealous man, from which he concluded that it would be possible, through the experience of a few wise men who are well acquainted with all the diverse practices which are observed in religions across the world, to find a unique and propitious concordance, and through this to constitute a perpetual peace in religion upon the appropriate and true course.”

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Nicholas of Cusa

De Pace Fidei (The Peace of Faith) (1453)

“For we see that man is a civil and political animal, and is naturally inclined to civilization.”

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Nicholas of Cusa книга De concordantia catholica

De concordantia catholica (The Catholic Concordance) (1434)

“Within itself the soul sees all things more truly than as they exist in different things outside itself. And the more it goes out unto other things in order to know them, the more it enters into itself in order to know itself.”

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Nicholas of Cusa

Nicholas of Cusa and Jasper Hopkins (Translator). On Equality. 1459.

“Hence, in Thee, who art Love, the lover -is not one thing and the loved another, and the bond between them a third, but they are one and the same-Thou, Thyself, my God. Since, then, in Thee the loved is one with the lover, and being loved [is one] with loving, this bond of coincidence is an essential bond. For there is nothing in Thee that is not Thy very Essence.”

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Nicholas of Cusa

De visione Dei (On The Vision of God) (1453)

“And when I behold Thee as absolute Infinity, to whom is befitting neither the name of creating Creator nor of creatable Creator-then indeed I begin to behold Thee unveiled, and to enter into the garden of delights!”

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Nicholas of Cusa

De visione Dei (On The Vision of God) (1453)

“I see, Lord, through Thine infinite mercy, that Thou art Infinity encompassing all things. Nothing exists outside Thee, and all things -in Thee are not other than Thee”

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Nicholas of Cusa

De visione Dei (On The Vision of God) (1453)

“The goal and intent of the book of the Qur'an, is not only not to detract from God the creator or from Christ or from God's prophets and envoys or from the divine books of the Testament, the Psalter, and the Gospel, but also to give glory to God the Creator, to praise and bear witness to Christ (the son of the Virgin Mary) above all prophets, and to confirm and approve of the Testament and the Gospel. When one reads the Qur'an with this understanding, assuredly some fruit can be elicited from it”

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Nicholas of Cusa

Cribratio Alkorani (Sifting the Qur'an)

“With the senses man measures perceptible things, with the intellect he measures intelligible things, and he attains unto supra-intelligible things transcendently.”

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Nicholas of Cusa

ibid.

“You will not find another faith, but rather one and the same single religion presupposed everywhere”

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Nicholas of Cusa

De Pace Fidei (The Peace of Faith) (1453)

“[In that vision] nothing is seen other than Thyself, [for Thou] art Thyself the object of Thyself (for Thou seest, and art That which is seen, and art the sight as well)”

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Nicholas of Cusa

De visione Dei (On The Vision of God) (1453)

“A human society comes together by a general agreement in order to obey its kings. So in a truly well-ordered regime there ought to be an election of the ruler himself, by which the ruler is set up as the judge of those who choose him. Well-ordered and correct lordships and honors, then, are established by election, and so also are general judges established over those who elect them.”

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Nicholas of Cusa книга De concordantia catholica

De concordantia catholica (The Catholic Concordance) (1434)

“Therefore, the inhabitants of other stars — of whatever sort these inhabitants might be – bear no comparative relationship to the inhabitants of the earth (istius mundi ). [That is true] even if, with respect to the goal of the universe, that entire region bears to this entire region a certain comparative relationship which is hidden to us — so that in this way the inhabitants of this earth or region bear, through the medium of the whole region, a certain mutual relationship to those other inhabitants. (By comparison, the particular parts of the fingers of a hand bear, through the medium of the hand, a comparative relationship to a food; and the particular parts of the foot [bear], through the medium of the foot, [a comparative relationship] to a hand — so that all [members] are comparatively related to the whole animal.) Hence, since the entire region is unknown to us, those inhabitants remain altogether unknown.”

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Nicholas of Cusa книга De Docta Ignorantia

trans. Jasper Hopkins (Minneapolis: Arthur J Banning Press, 1990), 119 – 20.
De Docta Ignorantia (On Learned Ignorance) (1440)

“To the various nations, however, You have sent various prophets and masters, the one for this, the other for another time.”

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Nicholas of Cusa

De Pace Fidei (The Peace of Faith) (1453)

“Therefore, come to our assistance, You who alone are powerful. For this rivalry is on account of You, whom alone all venerate in all that they seem to adore.”

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Nicholas of Cusa

For no one desires anything in all that one seems to desire other than the Good, which You are. Also in all intellectual deliberation no one searches for something other than the true, which You are. What does the living search for other than life? What does the existing search for other than existence? You, therefore, who bestow life and existence, are that one, who seems to be sought differently in the diverse rites and is named with diverse names, since You as You are remain unknown and ineffable for all.
De Pace Fidei (The Peace of Faith) (1453)

“There can only be one wisdom. For if it were possible that there be several wisdoms, then these would have to be from one. Namely, unity is prior to all plurality”

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Nicholas of Cusa

De Pace Fidei (The Peace of Faith) (1453)

“We praise our God, whose mercy rules over all His works and who alone has the power to bring it about, that such a great diversity of religions would be brought together in one harmonious peace”

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Nicholas of Cusa

De Pace Fidei (The Peace of Faith) (1453)

“Now men, who from the beginning have been gifted with reason above all animals, which is a great advantage for the conservation of their fellowship and community, and for the end on account of which each one of them exists. Indeed, having come to understand what is necessary through rational discourse, they were moved by a natural instinct to unite with one another and, once they were living together, to construct villages and towns. And if man had not discovered the rules for preserving peace against the corrupt inclinations of many, union would not have been enough to save him. And it is for this reason that cities were established, in which the citizens are united, and there are laws to preserve that unity and agreement by the common consent of all, and there are also guardians over them all, with the power to do as much as is necessary for the public good.”

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Nicholas of Cusa книга De concordantia catholica

De concordantia catholica (The Catholic Concordance) (1434)

“Of the inhabitants then of worlds other than our own we can know still less having no standards by which to appraise them.”

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Nicholas of Cusa

ibid.

“Therefore, come to our aid you who alone are able. For this rivalry exists for sake of you, whom alone they revere in everything that all seem to worship. For each one desires in all that he seems to desire only the good which you are; no one is seeking with all his intellectual searching for anything else than the truth which you are. For what does the living seek except to live? What does the existing seek except to exist?”

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Nicholas of Cusa

De Pace Fidei (The Peace of Faith) (1453)