То́мас Ге́нри Ге́ксли — английский зоолог, популяризатор науки и защитник эволюционной теории Чарлза Дарвина . Член Лондонского королевского общества. В 1890 году награждён почётной Медалью Карла Линнея за продолжение линнеевских традиций в современной биологии. Иностранный член-корреспондент Петербургской академии наук .
„Великая трагедия науки — уродливый факт способен погубить прекрасную гипотезу.“
The great tragedy of Science — the slaying of a beautiful hypothesis by an ugly fact. <br class="br">«Биогенез и абиогенез», 1870 <br class="br">Источник: "Biogenesis and abiogenesis" (1870) http://aleph0.clarku.edu/huxley/CE8/B-Ab.html, Collected Essays, Vol. 8, p. 229.
„Этого не может быть, так как организм возникает не из листков, а из пузырей.“
организм
Источник: О положении человека в ряду органических существ
When I reached intellectual maturity and began to ask myself whether I was an atheist, a theist, or a pantheist; a materialist or an idealist; Christian or a freethinker; I found that the more I learned and reflected, the less ready was the answer; until, at last, I came to the conclusion that I had neither art nor part with any of these denominations, except the last.
«Агностицизм»
Agnosticism, in fact, is not a creed, but a method, the essence of which lies in the rigorous application of a single principle ... Positively the principle may be expressed: In matters of the intellect, follow your reason as far as it will take you, without regard to any other consideration. And negatively: In matters of the intellect do not pretend that conclusions are certain which are not demonstrated or demonstrable. <br class="br">«Агностицизм» (1889) <br class="br">Источник: Ричард Докинз, «Бог как иллюзия» (2006) // пер. с англ. Н. Смелковой. — М: КоЛибри (Иностранка), 2008. — гл. 2. <br class="br">Источник: T. H. Huxley. Agnosticism http://aleph0.clarku.edu/huxley/CE5/Agn.html (1889).
1871
Источник: Ричард Докинз, «Бог как иллюзия» — гл. 7.
"On the Educational Value of the Natural History Sciences" (1854) http://aleph0.clarku.edu/huxley/CE3/EdVal.html <br class="br">1850s <br class="br">Контексте: I cannot but think that he who finds a certain proportion of pain and evil inseparably woven up in the life of the very worms, will bear his own share with more courage and submission; and will, at any rate, view with suspicion those weakly amiable theories of the Divine government, which would have us believe pain to be an oversight and a mistake, — to be corrected by and by. On the other hand, the predominance of happiness among living things — their lavish beauty — the secret and wonderful harmony which pervades them all, from the highest to the lowest, are equally striking refutations of that modern Manichean doctrine, which exhibits the world as a slave-mill, worked with many tears, for mere utilitarian ends.<br>There is yet another way in which natural history may, I am convinced, take a profound hold upon practical life, — and that is, by its influence over our finer feelings, as the greatest of all sources of that pleasure which is derivable from beauty.
“Physiology, Psychology, Ethics, Political Science, must submit to the same ordeal.”
Evolution and Ethics (1893)
Контексте: The history of civilization details the steps by which men have succeeded in building up an artificial world within the cosmos. Fragile reed as he may be, man, as Pascal says, is a thinking reed: there lies within him a fund of energy, operating intelligently and so far akin to that which pervades the universe, that it is competent to influence and modify the cosmic process. In virtue of his intelligence the dwarf bends the Titan to his will. In every family, in every polity that has been established, the cosmic process in man has been restrained and otherwise modified by law and custom; in surrounding nature, it has been similarly influenced by the art of the shepherd, the agriculturist, the artisan. As civilization has advanced, so has the extent of this interference increased; until the organized and highly developed sciences and arts of the present day have endowed man with a command over the course of non-human nature greater than that once attributed to the magicians.... a right comprehension of the process of life and of the means of influencing its manifestations is only just dawning upon us. We do not yet see our way beyond generalities; and we are befogged by the obtrusion of false analogies and crude anticipations. But Astronomy, Physics, Chemistry, have all had to pass through similar phases, before they reached the stage at which their influence became an important factor in human affairs. Physiology, Psychology, Ethics, Political Science, must submit to the same ordeal. Yet it seems to me irrational to doubt that, at no distant period, they will work as great a revolution in the sphere of practice.<!--pp.83-84
“Each such answer to the great question, invariably asserted”
Источник: 1860s, Evidence as to Man's Place in Nature (1863), Ch.2, p. 72
Контексте: Each such answer to the great question, invariably asserted by the followers of its propounder, if not by himself, to be complete and final, remains in high authority and esteem, it may be for one century, or it may be for twenty: but, as invariably, Time proves each reply to have been a mere approximation to the truth—tolerable chiefly on account of the ignorance of those by whom it was accepted, and wholly intolerable when tested by the larger knowledge of their successors.
1860s, A Liberal Education and Where to Find It (1868)
Контексте: The life, the fortune, and the happiness of every one of us, and, more or less, of those who are connected with us, do depend upon our knowing something of the rules of a game infinitely more difficult and complicated than chess. It is a game which has been played for untold ages, every man and woman of us being one of the two players in a game of his or her own. The chessboard is the world, the pieces are the phenomena of the universe, the rules of the game are what we call the laws of Nature. The player on the other side is hidden from us. We know that his play is always fair, just, and patient. But also we know, to our cost, that he never overlooks a mistake, or makes the smallest allowance for ignorance. To the man who plays well, the highest stakes are paid, with that sort of overflowing generosity with which the strong shows delight in strength. And one who plays ill is checkmated — without haste, but without remorse.
“Size is not grandeur, and territory does not make a nation.”
"Address on University Education" (1876) http://aleph0.clarku.edu/huxley/CE3/Ad-U-Ed.html, delivered at the formal opening of Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, September 12, 1876. Huxley, American Addresses (1877), p. 125. Vice President Hubert H. Humphrey used the same words in a commencement address at the Holton-Arms School, Bethesda, Maryland, June 1967; reported in The Washington Post (June 11, 1967), p. K3 <br class="br">1870s <br class="br">Контексте: I cannot say that I am in the slightest degree impressed by your bigness, or your material resources, as such. Size is not grandeur, and territory does not make a nation. The great issue, about which hangs true sublimity, and the terror of overhanging fate, is what are you going to do with all these things?
Letter to Herbert Spencer (22 March 1886); this is often quoted with a variant spelling as: I am too much of a skeptic to deny the possibility of anything.
1880s
Источник: Life and Letters of Thomas Henry Huxley - Volume 1
1860s, Reply to Charles Kingsley (1860)
Контексте: Sit down before fact as a little child, be prepared to give up every preconceived notion, follow humbly wherever and to whatever abysses nature leads, or you shall learn nothing. I have only begun to learn content and peace of mind since I have resolved at all risks to do this.
Контексте: Science seems to me to teach in the highest and strongest manner the great truth which is embodied in the Christian conception of entire surrender to the will of God. Sit down before fact as a little child, be prepared to give up every preconceived notion, follow humbly wherever and to whatever abysses nature leads, or you shall learn nothing. I have only begun to learn content and peace of mind since I have resolved at all risks to do this.
“Science … commits suicide when it adopts a creed.”
"The Darwin Memorial" (1885) http://aleph0.clarku.edu/huxley/CE2/DarM.html <br class="br">1880s
“God give me strength to face a fact though it slay me.”
As quoted in Nature Vol. 149 (Jan-Jun) 1942 p. 291, and A Philosophy for Our Time (1954) by Bernard Mannes Baruch, p. 13
1890s
1860s, On a Piece of Chalk (1868)
1860s, On a Piece of Chalk (1868)
Источник: 1860s, Evidence as to Man's Place in Nature (1863), Ch.1 (1884 edition) http://books.google.com/books?id=1Z9DGVKfXuQC p. 28 <br class="br">Контексте: The whole analogy of natural operations furnishes so complete and crushing an argument against the intervention of any but what are termed secondary causes, in the production of all the phenomena of the universe; that, in view of the intimate relations between Man and the rest of the living world; and between the forces exerted by the latter and all other forces, I can see no excuse for doubting that all are co-ordinated terms of Nature's great progression, from the formless to the formed—from the inorganic to the organic—from blind force to conscious intellect and will.
Universities, Actual and Ideal (1874)
1870s
Источник: 1860s, Evidence as to Man's Place in Nature (1863), Ch.2, p. 128
“Not far from the invention of fire… we must rank the invention of doubt.”
Collected Essays vol 6, viii; quoted in T. H. Huxley: Scientist, Humanist, and Educator (1950) by Cyril Bibby, p. 257
1890s
p, 125
Evolution and Ethics (1893)
"On The Natural Inequality of Men" (January 1890) http://aleph0.clarku.edu/huxley/CE1/NatIneq.html <br class="br">1890s
“The great tragedy of Science — the slaying of a beautiful hypothesis by an ugly fact.”
Presidential Address at the British Association, "Biogenesis and abiogenesis" (1870) http://aleph0.clarku.edu/huxley/CE8/B-Ab.html; later published in Collected Essays, Vol. 8, p. 229 <br class="br">1870s
"On The Natural Inequality of Men" (January 1890)
1890s
Источник: 1860s, Evidence as to Man's Place in Nature (1863), Ch.2, p. 129
Autobiography (1890) http://aleph0.clarku.edu/huxley/CE1/AutoB.html <br class="br">1890s
1860s, A Liberal Education and Where to Find It (1868)
Источник: 1860s, Evidence as to Man's Place in Nature (1863), Ch.2, p. 83
“Life is too short to occupy oneself with the slaying of the slain more than once.”
One of a series of exchanges when Richard Owen repeated generally repudiated claims about the Gorilla brain in a Royal Institution lecture. Athenaeum (13 April 1861) p. 498; Browne Vol 2, p. 159
1860s
“The only medicine for suffering, crime, and all the other woes of mankind, is wisdom.”
1860s, A Liberal Education and Where to Find It (1868)
1860s, Criticisms on "The Origin of the Species" (1864)
"Emancipation — Black and White" (1865)
1860s
