Коэн, Бернард цитаты

Иером Бернард Коэн — американский историк науки, автор многих книг по истории науки и в особенности по И. Ньютону. Именной профессор Гарварда .

C 1933 года учился математике в Гарварде, который окончил как бакалавр в 1937 году.

Стал первым американцем, получившим докторскую степень по истории науки — в 1947 году в Гарварде, науч. рук-ль Джордж Сартон. С 1942 года и до конца жизни преподавал в Гарварде, с 1977 года именной профессор истории науки, эмерит с 1984 года. При его поддержке в 1966 году в Гарварде был основан департамент истории науки. Б. Коэн также занимался в университетском колледже в Лондоне, Кембридже, королевском ун-те в Белфасте, ун-те Brandeis, Тель-Авивском университете.

В 1952—1958 гг. редактор журнала Isis, основанного Дж. Сартоном, его преемник в этой должности.

В 1961—1962 гг. президент Общества истории науки.

Также являлся председателем Национального комитета США по истории и философии науки и президентом Международного союза истории и философии науки.

Член Американского философского общества . Членкор Британской акад. .

Был последним, кто взял интервью у А. Эйнштейна — в 1955 году, незадолго до смерти того.

Среди его учеников Наср, Сейид Хоссейн, en:Allen G. Debus и др.

Был дважды женат, его первая супруга скончалась в 1982 году. Дочь.

Лауреат en:Pfizer Award .

Почётный доктор Университета Джорджа Вашингтона .

Своей самой важной работой считал участие в подготовке перевода на англ. язык — впервые с 1729 года — труда Исаака Ньютона «Математические начала натуральной философии», над которым совместно с Anne Whitman он работал 15 лет.

В поисках ученых, объявивших свои исследования революционными, он годами вел летописи открытий и в итоге выявил шестнадцать имен. Среди них были современник Бенджамина Франклина шотландец Роберт Саммер, чьи идеи об электричестве звучали довольно радикально, но оказались неверны, Жан Поль Марат, известный ныне лишь тем, что сыграл зловещую роль в истории Великой французской революции, Юстус Либих, Уильям Гамильтон, Чарльз Дарвин, Рудольф Вирхов, Георг Кантор, Альберт Эйнштейн, Герман Минковский, Макс фон Лауэ, Альфред Вегенер , Комптон, Джаст, Джеймс Уотсон и Бенуа Мандельброт.

КнигиBenjamin Franklin: His Contribution to the American Tradition

Franklin and Newton: An Inquiry into Speculative Newtonian Experimental Science and Franklin’s Work in Electricity

The Birth of a New Physics

The Newtonian Revolution

Revolution in Science

Science and the Founding Fathers

Howard Aiken: Portrait of a Computer Pioneer

The Triumph of Numbers Wikipedia

✵ 1. Март 1914 – 20. Июнь 2003

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Коэн, Бернард: Цитаты на английском языке

“The pioneering practitioners of the new science knew that they were producing a new kind of knowledge and so they declared this newness in the titles of their books and articles. Thus we have Galileo's Two New Sciences, Boyle's New Experiments, Kepler's New Astronomy, and Tartaglia's New Science. When Ben Jonson presented a masque entitled "News from the New World," his new world was not the newly found continent of North America, but the new world of science, the world revealed by the telescope of Galileo.”

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I. Bernard Cohen

The Triumph of Numbers: How Counting Shaped Modern Life (2005)

“The seventeenth century witnessed the birth of modern science as we know it today. The science was something new, based on a direct confrontation of nature by experiment and observation. But there was another feature of the new science—a dependence on numbers, on real numbers of actual experience.
…The ancients knew a few numerical laws… But prior to the Scientific Revolution, the goal of science (or the study of nature) was not to seek laws of nature expressed in terms of numbers or number relations. …the new science …not only found laws based on numbers but they were also willing to express these laws in terms of higher powers of numbers—squares and cubes.”

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I. Bernard Cohen

The Triumph of Numbers: How Counting Shaped Modern Life (2005)

“By contrast, Galileo, the other legendary scientific figure of the era, not only published the most compelling critique of Aristotelian scholasticism in his Dialogues on the Two Chief World Systems, but in the process turned the issue of the epistemic authority of theology versus the epistemic authority of empirical science into a hallmark of modern times. Although Newton clearly sympathized with Galileo, he wrote virtually nothing critical of the Aristotelian tradition in philosophy, and the immense effort he devoted to theology was aimed not at challenging its epistemic authority, but largely at putting it on a firmer footing. Newton made no direct contributions to philosophy of a similar magnitude. Indeed, from his extant writings alone Newton has more claim to being a major theologian than a major philosopher.”

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I. Bernard Cohen

Источник: The Cambridge Companion to Newton, 2002, p. 1

“Of the many references to Newton in 18th-century electrical writings only a small number were to the Principia, the greater part by far were to the Opticks. This was true not alone of the electrical writings but also in other fields of experimental enquiry…. [The Opticks] would allow the reader to roam, with great Newton as his guide, through the major unresolved problems of science and even the relation of the whole world of nature to Him who had created it…. in the Opticks Newton did not adopt the motto… —Hypotheses non fingo; I frame no hypotheses—but, so to speak, let himself go, allowing his imagination full reign and by far exceeding the bounds of experimental evidence.”

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I. Bernard Cohen

I. Bernard Cohen, Preface to Opticks by Sir Isaac Newton (1952)

“Galileo had the experience of beholding the heavens as they actually are for perhaps the first time, and wherever he looked he found evidence to support the Copernican system against the Ptolemaic, or at least weaken the authority of the ancients. This shattering experience—of observing the depths of the universe, of being the first mortal to know what the heavens are actually like—made so deep a an impression… that it is only by considering the events of 1609… that one can understand the subsequent direction of his life.”

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I. Bernard Cohen

I. Bernard Cohen,
The Birth of a New Physics (1959)

“Isaac Newton deserves to be included in a series of companions to major philosophers even though he was not a philosopher in the sense in which Descartes, Locke, and Kant were philosophers. That is, Newton made no direct contributions to epistemology or metaphysics that would warrant his inclusion in the standard list of major philosophers of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries – Descartes, Spinoza, Locke, Leibniz, Berkeley, Hume, and Kant – or even in a list of other significant philosophers of the era – Bacon, Hobbes, Arnauld, Malebranche, Wolff, and Reid. The contributions to knowledge that made Newton a dominant figure of the last millennium were to science, not to philosophy.”

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I. Bernard Cohen

Источник: The Cambridge Companion to Newton, 2002, p. 1

“His conflict with the Catholic Church arose because deep in his heart Galileo was a believer. There was for him no path of compromise, no way to have separate secular and theological cosmologies. If the Copernican system was true as he believed, what else could Galileo do but fight with every weapon he had in his arsenal… to make his Church accept a new system of the universe. …In the contrast between Galileo's heroic stand when he tried to reform the cosmological basis of orthodox theology and his humbled, kneeling surrender when he disavowed his Copernicanism, we may sense the tremendous forces attendant on the birth of modern science.”

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I. Bernard Cohen

The Birth of a New Physics (1959)

“Opticks was out of harmony with the ideas of 19th-century physics. …an exposition of the "wrong" (i. e., corpuscular) theory of light,—even though it also contained many of the basic principles of the "correct" (i. e., wave) theory. Not only had Newton erred in his choice… but also he apparently had found no insuperable difficulty in simultaneously embracing features of two opposing theories. …by adopting a combination of the two theories at once, he had violated one of the major canons of 19th-century physics… Today our point of view is influenced by the theory of photons and matter waves, or the… complementarity of Niels Bohr; and we may read with a new interest Newtons ideas on the interaction of light and matter or his explanation of the corpuscular and undulatory aspects of light.”

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I. Bernard Cohen

I. Bernard Cohen, Preface to Opticks by Sir Isaac Newton (1952)

“Of the many references to Newton in 18th-century electrical writings only a small number were to the Principia, the greater part by far were to the Opticks.”

Help us translate this quote

I. Bernard Cohen

This was true not alone of the electrical writings but also in other fields of experimental enquiry. ...[The Opticks] would allow the reader to roam, with great Newton as his guide, through the major unresolved problems of science and even the relation of the whole world of nature to Him who had created it. ...in the Opticks Newton did not adopt the motto... —Hypotheses non fingo; I frame no hypotheses—but, so to speak, let himself go, allowing his imagination full reign and by far exceeding the bounds of experimental evidence.
I. Bernard Cohen, Preface to Opticks by Sir Isaac Newton (1952)