Людвиг Фейербах цитаты

„Мы должны на место любви к Богу поставить любовь к человеку, как единственную истинную религию, на место веры в Бога — веру человека в самого себя, в свою собственную силу.“

„Первая твоя обязанность заключается в том, чтобы сделать счастливым самого себя. Если ты сам счастлив, то ты сделаешь счастливыми и других.“

„Религия противоречит нравственности тем самым, что она противоречит разуму. Чувство добра тесно связано с чувством истины. Испорченность рассудка влечет за собой испорченность сердца. Кто обманывает свой рассудок, не может обладать искренним, честным сердцем…“

„На практике все люди атеисты: своими делами, своим поведением они опровергают свою веру.“

„Мир жалок лишь для жалкого человека, мир пуст лишь для пустого человека.“

„Сперва человек бессознательно и непроизвольно создает по своему подобию Бога; а затем уже этот Бог сознательно и произвольно создает по своему подобию человека.“

„Если вы хотите улучшить людей, то сделайте их счастливыми.“

„Именно самые простые истины человек постигает позже всего.“

„Чтобы познать человека, нужно его полюбить.“

„Ничем не может человек распорядиться в большей степени, чем временем.“

„Те сомнения, которые не разрешает теория, разрешит тебе практика.“

„Где нет стремления к счастью, там нет и стремления вообще. Стремление к счастью — это стремление стремлений.“

„Остроумная манера писать состоит, между прочим, в том, что она предполагает ум также и в читателе…“

„Где появляются глаза и руки, там исчезают боги.“

„Юмор переносит душу через пропасть и учит её играть со своим горем.“

„В Библии нельзя переменить ни одной буквы, но смысл ее изменчив, как изменчив смысл человечества. Каждая эпоха вычитывает из Библии лишь себя самое, каждая эпоха имеет свою, самодельную Библию.“

„Только тот имеет силу созидать новое, у кого есть смелость быть абсолютно отрицательным.“

„Каковы отличительные признаки истинно человеческого в человеке? Разум, воля и сердце. Совершенный человек обладает силой мышления, силой воли и силой чувства. Сила мышления есть свет познания, сила воли — энергия характера, сила чувства — любовь.“

„Если у тебя от голода или по бедности нет питательных веществ в теле, то и в голове твоей, в твоих чувствах и в твоём сердце нет пищи для морали.“

„Любовь к науке — это любовь к правде, поэтому честность является основной добродетелью учёного.“

„Жизнью следует наслаждаться как превосходным вином, глоток за глотком, с передышкой. Даже лучшее вино теряет для нас всякую прелесть, мы перестаём его ценить, когда пьём как воду.“

„Настоящие свойства человека обнаруживаются лишь тогда, когда наступает время проявить, доказать их на деле.“

„Настоящие писатели — совесть человечества.“

„Там, где прекращается желание, прекращается и человек.“

„Лишь тот что-то значит, кто что-то любит. Не быть ничем и ничего не любить — одно и то же.“

„С книгами бывает то же самое, что и с девицами. Самые лучшие, самые достойные залёживаются. Но в конце концов является человек, оценивший их и извлекающий их из мрака неизвестности к свету прекрасной деятельности.“

„«Человечеству вера необходима». Разумеется, но вовсе не ваша вера. Ведь и мы, неверующие, веруем, но в прямо противоположное тому, во что веруете вы, верующие.“

„Всякий есть что он ест.“

„По мере того как мы расширяем наши знания хорошими книгами, мы сужаем круг людей, чье общество мы ценим.“

„Демонстрация - это лишь средство, с помощью которого я лишаю свою мысль формы "своей", чтобы другой человек мог признать ее своей.“

“I would rather be a devil in alliance with truth, than an angel in alliance with falsehood.”

“As we expand our knowledge of good books, we shrink the circle of men whose company we appreciate.”

“The present age… prefers the sign to the thing signified, the copy to the original, fancy to reality, the appearance to the essence… for in these days illusion only is sacred, truth profane.”

“The power of thought is the light of knowledge, the power of will is the energy of character, the power of heart is love. Reason, love and power of will are perfections of man.”

“I distinguish religion from theism,”

“God, I have said, is the fulfiller, or the reality, of the human desires for happiness, perfection, and immortality. From this it may be inferred that to deprive man of God is to tear the heart out of his breast. But I contest the premises from which religion and theology deduce the necessity and existence of God, or of immortality, which is the same thing. I maintain that desires which are fulfilled only in the imagination, or from which the existence of an imaginary being is deduced, are imaginary desires, and not the real desires of the human heart; I maintain that the limitations which the religious imagination annuls in the idea of God or immortality, are necessary determinations of the human essence, which cannot be dissociated from it, and therefore no limitations at all, except precisely in man’s imagination.”

“Religion is the dream of the human mind. But even in dreams we do not find ourselves in emptiness or in heaven, but on earth, in the realm of reality; we only see real things in the entrancing splendor of imagination and caprice, instead of in the simple daylight of reality and necessity.”

“Hegel … proceeds abstractly from the pre-existence of the intellect. … He does not appeal to the intellect within us.”

“To be sure, the human individual can, even must, feel and know himself to be limited—and this is what distinguishes him from the animal—but he can become conscious of his limits, his finite-ness, only because he can make the perfection and infinity of his species the object either of his feeling, conscience, or thought. But if his limitations appear to him as emanating from the species, this can only be due to his delusion that he is identical with the species, a delusion intimately linked with the individual’s love of ease, lethargy, vanity, and selfishness; for a limit which I know to be mine alone, humiliates, shames, and disquiets me. Hence, in order to free myself of this feeling of shame, this uneasiness, I make the limits of my individuality the limits of man’s being itself. What is incomprehensible to me is incomprehensible to others; why should this worry me at all? It is not due to any fault of mine or of my understanding: the cause lies in the understanding of the species itself. But it is a folly, a ludicrous and frivolous folly to designate that which constitutes the nature of man and the absolute nature of the individual, the essence of the species, as finite and limited.”

“I have always taken as the standard of the mode of teaching and writing, not the abstract, particular, professional philosopher, but universal man, that I have regarded man as the criterion of truth, and not this or that founder of a system, and have from the first placed the highest excellence of the philosopher in this, that he abstains, both as a man and as an author, from the ostentation of philosophy, i. e., that he is a philosopher only in reality, not formally, that he is a quiet philosopher, not a loud and still less a brawling one.”

“The history of philosophical system is the picture gallery of reason.”

“Christianity set itself the goal of fulfilling man’s unattainable desires, but for that very reason ignored his attainable desires. By promising man eternal life, it deprived him of temporal life, by teaching him to trust in God’s help it took away his trust in his own powers; by giving him faith in a better life in heaven, it destroyed his faith in a better life on earth and his striving to attain such a life. Christianity gave man what his imagination desires, but for that very reason failed to give him what he really and truly desires.”

“A subject interests me and holds my attention only so long as it presents me with difficulties, only so long as I am at odds with it and have, as it were, to struggle with it; but once I have mastered it I hurry on to something else, to a new subject; for my interest is not confined to any particular field or subject; it extends to everything human. This does not mean that I am an intellectual miser or egoist, who amasses knowledge for himself alone; by no means! What I do and think for myself, I must also think and do for others. But I feel the need of instructing others in a subject only so long as, while instructing others, I am also instructing myself.”

“God did not, as the Bible says, make man in His image; on the contrary man, as I have shown in The Essence of Christianity, made God in his image.”

“To prove cannot mean anything other than to bring the other person to my own conviction. The truth lies only in the unification of “I” and “You.” The Other of pure thought, however, is the sensuous intellect in general. In the field of philosophy, proof therefore consists only in the fact that the contradiction between sensuous intellect and pure thought is disposed, so that thought is true not only for itself but also for its opposite.”

“Though I myself am an atheist, I openly profess religion in the sense just mentioned, that is, a nature religion. I hate the idealism that wrenches man out of nature; I am not ashamed of my dependency on nature; I openly confess that the workings of nature affect not only my surface, my skin, my body, but also my core, my innermost being, that the air I breathe in bright weather has a salutary effect not only on my lungs but also on my mind, that the light of the sun illumines not only my eyes but also my spirit and my heart. And I do not, like a Christian, believe that such dependency is contrary to my true being or hope to be delivered from it. I know further that I am a finite moral being, that I shall one day cease to be. But I find this very natural and am therefore perfectly reconciled to the thought.”

“To theology, … only what it holds sacred is true, whereas to philosophy, only what holds true is sacred.”

“"Can any good come out of Nazareth?" This is always the question of the wiseacres and the knowing ones. But the good, the new, comes from exactly that quarter whence it is not looked for, and is always something different from what is expected. Everything new is received with contempt, for it begins in obscurity. It becomes a power unobserved.”

“But like the desire for eternal life, the desire for omniscience and absolute perfection is merely an imaginary desire; and, as history and daily experience prove, the supposed human striving for unlimited knowledge and perfection is a myth. Man has no desire to know everything; he only wants to know the things to which he is particularly drawn.”

“Man has many wishes that he does not really wish to fulfil, and it would be a misunderstanding to suppose the contrary. He wants them to remain wishes, they have value only in his imagination; their fulfilment would be a bitter disappointment to him. Such a desire is the desire for eternal life. If it were fulfilled, man would become thoroughly sick of living eternally, and yearn for death. In reality man wishes merely to avoid a premature, violent or gruesome death. Everything has its measure, says a pagan philosopher; in the end we weary of everything, even of life; a time comes when man desires death. Consequently there is nothing frightening about a normal, natural death, the death of a man who has fulfilled himself and lived out his life.”

“Demonstrating is therefore only the means through which I strip my thought of the form of “mine-ness” so that the other person may recognize it as his own.”

“Pantheism makes God into a present, real, and material being; empiricism – to which rationalism also belongs – makes God into an absent, remote, unreal, and negative being. Empiricism does not deny God existence, but denies him all positive determinations, because their content is supposed to be only finite and empirical; the infinite cannot, therefore, be an object for man. But the more determinations I deny to a being, the more do I cut it of[ from myself, and the less power and influence do I concede to it over me, the freer do I make myself of it. The more qualities I possess, the more I am for others, and the greater is the extent of my influence and effects. And the more one is, the more one is known to others. Hence, each negation of an attribute of God is a partial atheism, a sphere of godlessness.”

“What man calls Absolute Being, his God, is his own being. The power of the object over him is therefore the power of his own being. Thus, the power of the object of feeling is the power of feeling itself; the power of the object of reason is the power of reason itself; and the power of the object of will is the power of will itself.”

“The secret of Hegel's dialectic lies ultimately in this alone, that it negates theology through philosophy in order then to negate philosophy through theology. Both the beginning and the end are constituted by theology; philosophy stands in the middle as the negation of the first positedness, but the negation of the negation is again theology. At first everything is overthrown, but then everything is reinstated in its old place, as in Descartes. The Hegelian philosophy is the last grand attempt to restore a lost and defunct Christianity through philosophy, and, of course, as is characteristic of the modern era, by identifying the negation of Christianity with Christianity itself.”

“Every presentation of philosophy, whether oral or written, is to be taken and can only be taken in the sense of a means. Every system is only an expression or image of reason, and hence only an object of reason, an object which reason—a living power that procreates itself in new thinking beings—distinguishes from itself and posits as an object of criticism. Every system that is not recognized and appropriated as just a means, limits and warps the mind for it sets up the indirect and formal thought in the place of the direct, original and material thought.”

“All presentation, all demonstration—and the presentation of thought is demonstration—has, according to its original determination—and this is all that matters to us—the cognitive activity of the other person as its ultimate aim.”

“Speculative philosophy as the realisation of God is the positing of God, and at the same time his cancellation or negation; theism and at the same time atheism: for God – in the sense of theology – is God only as long as he is taken to be a being distinguished from and independent of the being of man as well as of nature. The theism that as the positing of God is simultaneously his negation or, conversely, as the negation of God equally his affirmation, is pantheism. Theological theism – that is, theism properly speaking – is nothing other than imaginary pantheism which itself is nothing other than real and true theism.”

“Just as when a man commits suicide ne negates the body, this rational limit of subjectivity, so when he lapses into fantastic and trascendental practice he associates himself with embodied divine and ghostly appearances, namely, he negates in practise the difference between imagination and perception.”

“If therefore my work is negative, irreligious, atheistic, let it be remembered that atheism — at least in the sense of this work — is the secret of religion itself; that religion itself, not indeed on the surface, but fundamentally, not in intention or according to its own supposition, but in its heart, in its essence, believes in nothing else than the truth and divinity of human nature.”