Макс Вебер цитаты

Максимилиа́н Карл Эми́ль Ве́бер , известный как Макс Вебер — немецкий социолог, философ, историк, политический экономист. Идеи Вебера оказали значительное влияние на развитие общественных наук, в особенности — социологии. Наряду с Эмилем Дюркгеймом и Карлом Марксом Вебер считается одним из основоположников социологической науки.

Вебер ввёл в научный оборот термин «социальное действие». Учёный был последовательным сторонником методов антипозитивизма, утверждая, что для исследования социальных действий лучше подходит не чисто эмпирический, но «объясняющий», «интерпретирующий» метод. В рамках основанной на нём концепции понимающей социологии учёный пытался не только рассмотреть то или иное социальное действие, но также распознать цель и смысл происходящего с точки зрения вовлечённых индивидов. Ядро научных интересов Вебера составляло изучение процессов перехода общества от традиционного к современному: рационализации, секуляризации, «расколдовывания мира». Одной из самых известных работ учёного стала диссертация о протестантских истоках капитализма. Исследование на стыке экономической социологии и социологии религии получило развитие в известной книге «Протестантская этика и дух капитализма», увидевшей свет в 1905 году. Оппонируя марксистской концепции исторического материализма, Вебер отмечал важность культурных воздействий, оказываемых религией, — именно в этом он видел ключ к пониманию генезиса капиталистической формы хозяйствования. Впоследствии учёный исследовал религии Китая, Индии и древний иудаизм, пытаясь найти в них причины тех процессов, которые обусловили различия между хозяйственным устройством Запада и Востока.

В другой своей известной работе, «Политика как призвание и профессия» , Вебер определил государство как некоторый институт, который обладает монополией на легитимное применение насилия. Социолог впервые выделил различные типы общественной власти, подчёркивая, что институты современного государства во всё большей степени основываются на рационально-правовом типе. Учёный внёс определённый вклад в развитие экономической истории, теории и методологии экономики. Исследования Вебера в области рационализации общества оказали влияние на формирование критической теории, развивавшейся преимущественно в рамках Франкфуртской школы.

Вебер стал одним из основателей либеральной Немецкой демократической партии, которая была образована после Первой мировой войны. Позже учёный безуспешно баллотировался в немецкий парламент и консультировал комиссию по разработке новой конституции. Вебер скончался в 1920 году в возрасте 56 лет, причиной смерти послужила пандемия Испанского гриппа и последовавшая пневмония. Младший брат Вебера — Альфред — также стал исследователем в области социологии. Wikipedia  

✵ 21. Апрель 1864 – 14. Июнь 1920
Макс Вебер фото
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Макс Вебер знаменитые цитаты

Макс Вебер Цитаты о мужчинах

Макс Вебер Цитаты о Боге

„Подобно тому, как колдун должен доказать, что он обладает харизмой, Бог должен доказать, что он обладает силой.“

Вариант: Подобно тому, как колдун должен доказать, что он обладает харизмой, Бог должен доказать, что он обладает силой.

Макс Вебер цитаты

Макс Вебер: Цитаты на английском языке

“The ultimately possible attitudes toward life are irreconcilable, and hence their struggle can never be brought to a final conclusion.”

Источник: From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology (1946), p. 152 (in 2009 edition)

“Mysticism intends a state of "possession," not action, and the individual is not a tool but a "vessel" of the divine.”

Max Weber, , 1916.
Контексте: Mysticism intends a state of "possession," not action, and the individual is not a tool but a "vessel" of the divine. Action in the world must thus appear as endangering the absolutely irrational and other-worldly religious state. Active asceticism operates within the world; rationally active asceticism, in mastering the world, seeks to tame what is creatural and wicked through work in a worldly "vocation" (inner-worldly asceticism). Such asceticism contrasts radically with mysticism, if the latter draws the full conclusion of fleeing from the world (contemplative flight from the world). The contrast is tempered, however, if active asceticism confines itself to keeping down and to overcoming creatural wickedness in the actor's own nature. For then it enhances the concentration on the firmly established God-willed and active redemptory accomplishments to the point of avoiding any action in the orders of the world (asceticist flight from the world). Thereby active asceticism in external bearing comes close to contemplative flight from the world. The contrast between asceticism and mysticism is also tempered if the contemplative mystic does not draw the conclusion that he should flee from the world, but, like the inner-worldly asceticist, remain in the orders of the world (inner-worldly mysticism).
In both cases the contrast can actually disappear in practice and some combination of both forms of the quest for salvation may occur. But the contrast may continue to exist even under the veil of external similarity. For the true mystic the principle continues to hold: the creature must be silent so that God may speak.

“The contrast between asceticism and mysticism is also tempered if the contemplative mystic does not draw the conclusion that he should flee from the world, but, like the inner-worldly asceticist, remain in the orders of the world (inner-worldly mysticism).”

Max Weber, , 1916.
Контексте: Mysticism intends a state of "possession," not action, and the individual is not a tool but a "vessel" of the divine. Action in the world must thus appear as endangering the absolutely irrational and other-worldly religious state. Active asceticism operates within the world; rationally active asceticism, in mastering the world, seeks to tame what is creatural and wicked through work in a worldly "vocation" (inner-worldly asceticism). Such asceticism contrasts radically with mysticism, if the latter draws the full conclusion of fleeing from the world (contemplative flight from the world). The contrast is tempered, however, if active asceticism confines itself to keeping down and to overcoming creatural wickedness in the actor's own nature. For then it enhances the concentration on the firmly established God-willed and active redemptory accomplishments to the point of avoiding any action in the orders of the world (asceticist flight from the world). Thereby active asceticism in external bearing comes close to contemplative flight from the world. The contrast between asceticism and mysticism is also tempered if the contemplative mystic does not draw the conclusion that he should flee from the world, but, like the inner-worldly asceticist, remain in the orders of the world (inner-worldly mysticism).
In both cases the contrast can actually disappear in practice and some combination of both forms of the quest for salvation may occur. But the contrast may continue to exist even under the veil of external similarity. For the true mystic the principle continues to hold: the creature must be silent so that God may speak.

“In this regard too I consider myself a cripple, a stunted man whose fate it is to admit honestly that he must put up with this state of affairs (so as not to fall for some romantic swindle)… For you a theologian of liberal persuasion (whether Catholic or Protestant) is necessarily most abhorrent as the typical representative of a halfway position;”

Max Weber, letter to Ferdinand Tönnies, Feb. 19, 1909; As cited in: . Uncertain Victory: Social Democracy and Progressivism in European and American Thought, 1870-1920. Oxford University Press, 24 mrt. 1988. p. 498
Контексте: When I studied modern Catholic literature in Rome a few years ago, I became convinced how hopeless is to think that there are any scientific results this church cannot digest... I could not honestly participate in such anti-clericalism. It is true that I am absolutely unmusical in matters religious and that I have neither the need nor the ability to erect any religious edifices within me — that is simply impossible for me, and I reject it. But after examining myself carefully I must say that I am neither anti-religious nor irreligious. In this regard too I consider myself a cripple, a stunted man whose fate it is to admit honestly that he must put up with this state of affairs (so as not to fall for some romantic swindle)... For you a theologian of liberal persuasion (whether Catholic or Protestant) is necessarily most abhorrent as the typical representative of a halfway position; for me he is in human terms infinitely more valuable and interesting... than the intellectual (and basically cheap) pharisaism of naturalism, which is intolerably fashionable and in which there is much less life than in the religious position (again, depending on the case, of course!)

“For the true mystic the principle continues to hold: the creature must be silent so that God may speak.”

Max Weber, , 1916.
Контексте: Mysticism intends a state of "possession," not action, and the individual is not a tool but a "vessel" of the divine. Action in the world must thus appear as endangering the absolutely irrational and other-worldly religious state. Active asceticism operates within the world; rationally active asceticism, in mastering the world, seeks to tame what is creatural and wicked through work in a worldly "vocation" (inner-worldly asceticism). Such asceticism contrasts radically with mysticism, if the latter draws the full conclusion of fleeing from the world (contemplative flight from the world). The contrast is tempered, however, if active asceticism confines itself to keeping down and to overcoming creatural wickedness in the actor's own nature. For then it enhances the concentration on the firmly established God-willed and active redemptory accomplishments to the point of avoiding any action in the orders of the world (asceticist flight from the world). Thereby active asceticism in external bearing comes close to contemplative flight from the world. The contrast between asceticism and mysticism is also tempered if the contemplative mystic does not draw the conclusion that he should flee from the world, but, like the inner-worldly asceticist, remain in the orders of the world (inner-worldly mysticism).
In both cases the contrast can actually disappear in practice and some combination of both forms of the quest for salvation may occur. But the contrast may continue to exist even under the veil of external similarity. For the true mystic the principle continues to hold: the creature must be silent so that God may speak.

“specialists without spirit, sensualists without heart; this nullity imagines that it has attained a level of civilization never before achieved.”

Max Weber книга The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism

Источник: The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism

“it istrue that good can follow only from good and evil only from evil, but that often the opposite is true. Anyone who fails to see this is, indeed, a political infant.”

Источник: From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology
Источник: From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology (1946), p. 124; Essay "Politics as a vocation"
Контексте: The problem — the experience of the irrationality of the world — has been the driving force of all religious evolution. The Indian doctrine of karma, Persian dualism, the doctrine of original sin, predestination and the deus absconditus, all these have grown out of this experience. Also the early Christians knew full well the world is governed by demons and that he who lets himself in for politics, that is, for power and force as means, contracts with diabolical powers and for his action it is not true that good can follow only from good and evil only from evil, but that often the opposite is true. Anyone who fails to see this is, indeed, a political infant.

“This naive manner of conceptualizing capitalism by reference to a “pursuit of gain” must be relegated to the kindergarten of cultural history methodology and abandoned once and for all. A fully unconstrained compulsion to acquire goods cannot be understood as synonymous with capitalism, and even less as its “spirit.” On the contrary, capitalism can be identical with the taming of this irrational motivation, or at least with its rational tempering. Nonetheless, capitalism is distinguished by the striving for profit, indeed, profit is pursued in a rational, continuous manner in companies and firms, and then pursued again and again, as is profitability. There are no choices. If the entire economy is organized according to the rules of the open market, any company that fails to orient its activities toward the chance of attaining profit is condemned to bankruptcy.
Let us begin by defining terms in a manner more precise than often occurs. For us, a "capitalist" economic act involves first of all an expectation of profit based on the utilization of opportunities for exchange; that is of (formally) peaceful opportunities for acquisition. Formal and actual acquisition through violence follows its own special laws and hence should best be placed, as much as one may recommend doing so, in a different category. Wherever capitalist acquisition is rationally pursued, action is oriented to calculation in terms of capital. What does this mean?”

Prefatory Remarks to Collected Essays in the Sociology of Religion (1920)

“Modern capitalism has as little use for liberum arbitrium [undisciplined] persons as laborers as it has for the businessman fully without scruples in the running of his company.”

Max Weber книга The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism

Источник: The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (1905; 1920), Ch. 2 : The "Spirit" of Capitalism

“"Rationalism" is a historical concept that contains within itself a world of contradictions.”

Max Weber книга The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism

Источник: The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (1905; 1920), Ch. 2 : The "Spirit" of Capitalism

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