Ричард Докинз цитаты

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„Когда люди верят в нечто, потому что боятся попасть в ад, — это просто чушь невменяемая. Но если родители вбивают ребёнку страх перед Богом, религия распространяется как вирус.“

„После сна длиной в сотни миллионов веков, мы, наконец, открыли глаза на шикарной планете, сверкающей цветами, богатой жизнью. В течение нескольких десятилетий мы должны будем закрыть глаза снова. Это ли не благородный, просвещённый путь посвятить наше короткое время под солнцем работе над пониманием вселенной и того, как мы в ней оказались? Вот как я отвечаю, когда меня спрашивают, зачем я утруждаюсь вставать по утрам с постели.“

„Мы умрем, и это делает нас счастливчиками. Большинство людей никогда не умрут, потому что они никогда не родятся. Число потенциальных людей, которые могли бы быть здесь, на моем месте, но на самом деле никогда не увидят дневного света, намного больше, чем песчинок в Сахаре. Разумеется, что в рядах неродившихся призраков находятся поэты более великие, чем Китc, ученые более великие, чем Ньютон. Мы знаем это, потому что множество людей, допустимое нашими ДНК, несравнимо больше, чем множество настоящих людей. И из пасти этих мизерных шансов рождения вырвались заурядные вы и я. Мы привилегированная кучка людей, которые вопреки всем шансам выиграли в лотерею рождения. Как мы смеем жаловаться на наше неминуемое возвращение в то состояние, из которого подавляющие большинство никогда не рождалось.“

„Религиозные люди любят обращать внимание на то, что Исаак Ньютон был верующим. Ну конечно был – он же жил до Дарвина. До Дарвина быть атеистом было, наверно, не так-то просто.“

„Вы писали, что если Иисус существовал и пошел на смерть, как это описано в Библии, то у него, как вы выразились, съехала крыша.
— Нет никаких свидетельств, что у самого Иисуса съехала крыша, но вот доктрина, изобретенная впоследствии Павлом, – что Иисус умер за наши грехи – она совершенно безумна. Это же отвратительно: полагать, что творец вселенной, способный изобрести законы физики и процессы эволюции не нашел лучшего способа искупить наши грехи, нежели дать замучить себя до смерти!“

„У вас есть верующие друзья?
— Нет. Не то чтобы я избегал таких людей – просто я вращаюсь в образованных, интеллектуальных кругах, а там религиозных людей обычно не встретишь. Я в хороших отношениях с некоторыми епископами и священниками, которые типа во что-то верят… или им просто нравятся музыка и витражи.“

„Так что же делает нас людьми?
— Мы уникальные обезьяны. У нас есть язык. У других животных тоже есть коммуникативные системы, но куда более несовершенные. У них нет нашей способности говорить о вещах, которых нет в реальности. Это уникальные черты нашего развитого обезьяньего мозга, который, судя по имеющимся доказательствам, прошел лишь через небольшое количество мутаций.“

„Быть может, осознание возникает тогда, когда модель мира, создаваемая мозгом, достигает такой полноты, что ему приходится включать в нее модель самого себя.“

„Какова судьба древних репликаторов теперь, спустя 4x10^9 лет? Они не вымерли, ибо они — непревзойденные мастера в искусстве выживания. Но не надо искать их в океане, они давно перестали свободно и непринужденно парить в его водах. Теперь они собраны в огромные колонии и находятся в полной безопасности в гигантских неуклюжих роботах, отгороженные от внешнего мира, общаясь с ним извилистыми непрямыми путями и воздействуя на него с помощью дистанционного управления. Они присутствуют в вас и во мне; они создали нас, наши души и тела; и единственный смысл нашего существования — их сохранение. Они прошли длинный путь, эти репликаторы. Теперь они существуют под названием генов, а мы служим для них машинами выживания.“

„Между прочим, религиозный студент может придти в замешательство, недоумевая зачем Бог создаёт проблемы, снабжая хищников красивой адаптацией для ловли добычи, при этом другой рукой снабжая добычу красивой адаптацией, препятствующей этому. Видимо Он наслаждается этим спортом как зритель.“

„Вас не волнует, что ваши оппоненты могут попытаться обратить вас к вере на смертном одре, как креационисты попытались поступить с Дарвином?
— Меня больше волнует эффект Энтони Флю. Флю был британским философом-атеистом, который на старости лет обратился. Думаю, он просто впал в маразм. И от этого-то никакой гарантии нет!“

„Если бы сторонники расовой сегрегации были поумнее, они бы, заявили — насколько мне известно, не кривя при этом душой, — что смешение рас противоречит их религии. Большая часть оппозиции тут же почтительно удалилась бы на цыпочках. И не нужно заявлять, что это несправедливое сравнение, потому что и у расовой сегрегации нет рационального обоснования. Аналогично этому главным постулатом религиозной веры, силой её и вящей славой служит то, что от неё не требуется рационального обоснования. Остальным нам приходится отстаивать свои убеждения. Но попроси верующего обосновать его веру — и тебя обвинят в посягательстве на «свободу совести.»“

“Once again, modern theologians will protest that the story of Abraham sacrificing Isaac should not be taken as literal fact. And, once again, the appropriate response is twofold. First, many many people, even to this day, do take the whole of their scripture to be literal fact, and they have a great deal of political power over the rest of us, especially in the United States and in the Islamic world. Second, if not as literal fact, how should we take the story? As an allegory? Then an allegory for what? Surely morals could one derive from this appalling story? Remember, all I am trying to establish for the moment is that we do not, as a matter of fact, derive our morals from scripture. Or, if we do, we pick and choose among the scriptures for the nice bits and reject the nasty. But then we must have some independent criterion for deciding which are the moral bits: a criterion which, wherever it comes from, cannot come from scripture itself and is presumably available to all of us whether we are religious or not.”

“With so many mind-bytes to be downloaded, so many mental codons to be replicated, it is no wonder that child brains are gullible, open to almost any suggestion, vulnerable to subversion, easy prey to Moonies, Scientologists and nuns. Like immune-deficient patients, children are wide open to mental infections that adults might brush off without effort.”

“On the properties of God: "Such a bandwidth! God, who may not have a brain made of neurons, or a CPU made of silicon, but if he has the powers attributed to him he must have something far more elaborately and non-randomly constructed than the largest brain or the largest computer we know."”

“The patient typically finds himself impelled by some deep, inner conviction that something is true, or right, or virtuous: a conviction that doesn't seem to owe anything to evidence or reason, but which, nevertheless, he feels as totally compelling and convincing. We doctors refer to such a belief as "faith."”

“More generally (and this applies to Christianity no less than to Islam), what is really pernicious is the practice of teaching children that faith itself is a virtue. Faith is an evil precisely because it requires no justification and brooks no argument. Teaching children that unquestioned faith is a virtue primes them - given certain other ingredients that are not hard to come by - to grow up into potentially lethal weapons for future jihads or crusades.”

“Molecular evidence suggests that our common ancestor with chimpanzees lived, in Africa, between five and seven million years ago, say half a million generations ago. This is not long by evolutionary standards … in your left hand you hold the right hand of your mother. In turn she holds the hand of her mother, your grandmother. Your grandmother holds her mother's hand, and so on … How far do we have to go until we reach our common ancestor with the chimpanzees? It is a surprisingly short way. Allowing one yard per person, we arrive at the ancestor we share with chimpanzees in under 300 miles.”

“Darwin made it possible to be an intellectually fulfilled atheist.”

“A God capable of continuously monitoring and controlling the individual status of every particle in the universe cannot be simple. His existence is going to need a mammoth explanation in its own right.”

“There is no general reason to expect evolution to be progressive – even in the weak, value-neutral sense. There will be times when increased size of some organ is favoured and other times when decreased size is favoured. Most of the time, average-sized individuals will be favoured in the population and both extremes will be penalised. During these times the population exhibits evolutionary stasis (i. e., no change) with respect to the factor being measured. If we had a complete fossil record and looked for trends in some particular dimension, such as leg length, we would expect to see periods of no change alternating with fitful continuations or reversals in direction – like a weathervane in changeable, gusty weather.”

“Another force driving progressive evolution is the so-called "arms-race." Prey animals evolve faster running speeds because predators do. Consequently predators have to evolve even faster running speeds, and so on, in an escalating spiral. Such arms races probably account for the spectacularly advanced engineering of eyes, ears, brains, bat "radar" and all the other high-tech weaponry that animals display.”

“We don’t need fossils – the case for evolution is watertight without them; so it is paradoxical to use gaps in the fossil record as though they were evidence against evolution”

“I'm told theology is outside my field of expertise. But is theology a "field" at all? Is there anything in "theology" to be expert ABOUT?”

“It is normally possible to be much more certain who your children are than who your brothers are. And you can be more certain still who you yourself are!”

“You don't have to be a scientist – you don't have to play the Bunsen burner – in order to understand enough science to overtake your imagined need and fill that fancied gap. Science needs to be released from the lab into the culture.”

“There are people in the world who desperately want not to have to believe in Darwinism.”

“Just because science so far has failed to explain something, such as consciousness, to say it follows that the facile, pathetic explanations which religion has produced somehow by default must win the argument is really quite ridiculous.”

“Admittedly, people of a theological bent are often chronically incapable of distinguishing what is true from what they'd like to be true. (p. 135 of the Black Swan paperback edition of 2007)”

“If you’re seen to criticise Islam you are often accused of racism, which is absurd.”

“Some states, e. g. "pregnant", are all-or-none, no intermediates. But sexual abuse has shades of grey, from violent buggery to mild touching.”

“There is more than just grandeur in this view of life, bleak and cold though it can seem from under the security blanket of ignorance. There is deep refreshment to be had from standing up and facing straight into the strong keen wind of understanding: Yeats's 'Winds that blow through the starry ways.”

“You see, if you say something positive like the whole of life – all living things – is descended from a single common ancestor which lived about 4,000 million years ago and that we are all cousins, well that is an exceedingly important and true thing to say and that is what I want to say. Somebody who is religious sees that as threatening and so I am represented as attacking religion, and I am forced into responding to their reaction. But you do not have to see my main purpose as attacking religion. Certainly I see the scientific view of the world as incompatible with religion, but that is not what is interesting about it. It is also incompatible with magic, but that also is not worth stressing. What is interesting about the scientific world view is that it is true, inspiring, remarkable and that it unites a whole lot of phenomena under a single heading. And that is what is so exciting for me.”

“Of course politics are important — Iraq, Palestine, even social deprivation in Bradford. But as we wake up to this huge challenge to our civilised values, don't let's forget the elephant in the room — an elephant called "religion."”

“There is one particular property of living things, however, that I want to single out as explicable only by Darwinian selection. This property is the one that has been the recurring topic of this book: adaptive complexity.”

“It is a very helpful insight to say we are vehicles for our DNA, we are hosts for DNA parasites which are our genes. Those are insights which help us to understand an aspect of life. But it's emotive to say, that's all there is to it, we might as well give up going to Shakespeare plays and give up listening to music and things, because that's got nothing to do with it. That's an entirely different subject.”

“The idea that ancient equal years of accumulated wisdom is a fallacy. […] In medicine, 'ancient' also means developed before we understood the causes of disease, before germ theory. It was based on ignorance then and age makes it no truer. We misguidedly look back to a golden age that never was; ours is the golden age of safe tested medicine, effective beyond placebo, in which we've cut infant mortality and conquered diseases, then forgotten they existed.”

“The human mind is a wanton storyteller and even more, a profligate seeker after pattern. We see faces in clouds and tortillas, fortunes in tea leaves and planetary movements. It is quite difficult to prove a real pattern as distinct from a superficial illusion.”

“University is about confronting new ideas, unfamiliar, un-"safe". If you want to be "safe" you are not worthy of a university education.”

“I was reminded of a quotation by the famous American physicist Steven Weinberg, Nobel Prize-winning theoretical physicist. Weinberg said: "Religion is an insult to human dignity. Without it, you'd have good people doing good things, and evil people doing evil things. But for good people to do evil things, it takes religion."”

“To label people as death-deserving enemies because of disagreements about real world politics is bad enough. To do the same for disagreements about a delusional world inhabited by archangels, demons and imaginary friends is ludicrously tragic.”