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Моше бен Маймон , называемый Моисей Маймонид , также известный как Абу Имран Муса ибн Маймун ибн Абд-Алла аль-Курдуби аль-Яхуди / Абу Имран Муса бин Маймун бин Абдалла аль-Куртуби аль-Исраили, или просто Муса бин Маймун, или Рамба́м , в русской литературе известен также как Моисей Египетский — выдающийся еврейский философ и богослов — талмудист, раввин, врач и разносторонний учёный своей эпохи, кодификатор законов Торы. Духовный руководитель религиозного еврейства как своего поколения, так и последующих веков.

✵ 30. Март 1138 – 13. Декабрь 1204
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Рамбам знаменитые цитаты

„Кроме того, важно понимать, что у Бога нет структуры, как нет у него и атрибута многочисленности. Он бесструктурен и в конечном счете прост.“

Рамбам

О Боге иудаизма

„Существованию Бога нет начала и нет конца. То есть он не возник из небытия и никогда не перейдет в небытие. Он всегда был, Он есть и никогда не прекратит Свое существование.“

Рамбам

О Боге иудаизма

„Бог совершенен во всех отношениях, и во всем превосходит все сущее. Он не зависит ни от чего и никто не может повлиять на Него.“

Рамбам

О Боге иудаизма

„Бог — причина всего существующего, но у Него самого нет никакой причины. Скорее Его существование необходимо, оно *присуще Его природе.“

Рамбам

О Боге иудаизма

„Когда мы говорим о Боге, мы используем слова, но это лишь метафорические или заимствованные из иных сфер термины, нужные нам для того, чтобы понять то, что мы должны понять о Боге. Наш словарь содержит только слова, подходящие для обычных понятий, связанных ограничениями созданных вещей, и мы не можем вообще ничего сказать без этих слов. Но все, кто ищет Бога и говорит о нем, должны четко понимать, что любые описания или слова, использованные по отношению к Богу, не могут по-настоящему описать его. Они могут употребляться лишь как позаимствованные, косвенные термины. Необходимо быть весьма осторожным в этом отношении.“

Рамбам

О Боге иудаизма

„Всякий человек, качества которого находятся посередине между крайностями, называется мудрым. А тот, кто наиболее строго к себе относится, и слегка отклоняется от середины в ту или иную сторону, называется хасидом - благочестивым. Каким образом? Тот, кто отдалится от высокомерия до противоположности и будет наиболее смиренным, называется благочестивым, и это свойство благочестия. А если человек отдалился лишь до середины и стал скромным, он называется мудрым, и это свойство мудрости. И подобно этому, все другие качества. И благочестивые древности намеренно отклоняли свои качества от среднего пути в ту или иную сторону - одни качества склоняли назад, а другие - вперед, чтобы выполнять больше, чем от них требует Закон.“

Рамбам

„Основа основ и столп мудрости – знать, что есть Первичная Сущность, которая является причиной существования всего сущего. И все, что есть на небесах и на земле, и все, что между ними, существует благодаря Истинной Сущности.“

Рамбам

Рамбам Цитаты о Боге

„Необходимо прежде всего сознавать, что никому не дано понять истинную сущность Бога. У него нет аналогии ни с чем, существующим среди созданных вещей, ни с какой-либо идеей, которую может представить воображение или понять разум. Нет таких слов или описаний, которые действительно подходят и могут быть использованы для описания Бога.“

Рамбам

О Боге иудаизма

„Ничто, применимое к физическому миру, не применимо к Богу. Он отрешен от всякой границы или предела, от ассоциации с чем бы то ни было, от всякого естественного закона.“

Рамбам

О Боге иудаизма

„Первое, что должен знать человек, это то, что есть Существо — Наставник всего сущего, Тот, кто создал все на свете, когда захотел. Он поддерживает бытие, пока желает этого и обладает полной властью над ним. Это Существо — Бог.“

Рамбам

О Боге иудаизма

Рамбам: Цитаты на английском языке

“Those who believe that… detailed rules originate in a certain cause, are as far from the truth as those who assume that the whole law is useless.”

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Maimónides книга The Guide for the Perplexed

Источник: Guide for the Perplexed (c. 1190), Part III, Ch.26

“The so-called evils are evils only in relation to a certain thing, and that which is evil in relation to a certain existing thing, either includes the non-existence of that thing or the non-existence of some of its good conditions.”

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Maimónides книга The Guide for the Perplexed

Источник: Guide for the Perplexed (c. 1190), Part III, Ch.10

“In short, the opinion of Aristotle is this: Everything is the result of management which is constant, which does not come to an end and does not change any of its properties, as e. g., the heavenly beings, and everything which continues according to a certain rule… But that which is not constant, and does not follow a certain rule… is due to chance and not to management; it is in no relation to Divine Providence. Aristotle holds that it is even impossible to ascribe to Providence that management of these things. …It is the belief of those who turned away from our Law and said: "God hath forsaken the earth."”

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Maimónides книга The Guide for the Perplexed

Ezek. ix. 9
Источник: Guide for the Perplexed (c. 1190), Part III, Ch.17

“An artisan busies himself with his work for three hours each day and spends nine hours in study.”

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Maimónides книга Mishneh Torah

Treatise 3: “The Study of the Torah,” Chapter 1, Section 12, H. Russell, trans. (1983), p. 52
Mishneh Torah (c. 1180)

“In so far as the soul is a force residing in the body; it has therefore been said that the properties of the soul depend of the condition of the body.”

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Maimónides книга The Guide for the Perplexed

Источник: Guide for the Perplexed (c. 1190), Part III, Ch.12

“When [ Abraham ] the "Pillar of the World" appeared, he became convinced that there is a spiritual Divine Being, which is not a body, nor a force residing in a body, but is the author of the spheres and the stars; and he saw the absurdity of the tales in which he had been brought up. He therefore began to attack the belief of the Sabeans, to expose the falsehood of their opinions, and to proclaim publicly in opposition to them, "the name of the Lord, the God of the Universe" (Gen. xxi. 33), which proclamation included at the same time the Existence of God, and the Creation of the Universe by God.”

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Maimónides книга The Guide for the Perplexed

Источник: Guide for the Perplexed (c. 1190), Part III, Ch.29

“Everything in the varying human affairs is due to chance, according to Aristotle, to the Divine Will alone according to the Ashariyah, to Divine Wisdom according to the Mu'tazilites, to the merits of man according to our opinion. It is therefore possible, according to the Ashariyah, that God inflicts pain on a good and pious man in this world, and eeps him forever in fire, which is assumed to rage in the world to come; they simply say it is the will of God. The Mu'tazilites would consider this an injustice, and therefore assume that every being, even an ant, that is stricken with pain, has compensation for it… and it is due to God's Wisdom, that a being is struck and afflicted in order to receive compensation. We, however, believe that all these human affairs are managed with justice; far be it from God to do wrong, to punish any one unless the punishment is necessary and merited. It is distinctly stated in the Law, that all is done in accordance with justice; and the words of our Sages generally express the same idea.”

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Maimónides книга The Guide for the Perplexed

Источник: Guide for the Perplexed (c. 1190), Part III, Ch.17

“I find it expressed in various passages of Scripture that the fact that God knows things while in a state of possibility, when their existence belongs to the future, does not change the nature of the possible in any way; that nature remains unchanged; and the knowledge of the realisation of one of several possibilities does not yet effect that realisation. This is likewise one of the fundamental principles of the Law of Moses concerning which there is no doubt nor any dispute.”

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Maimónides книга The Guide for the Perplexed

Источник: Guide for the Perplexed (c. 1190), Part III, Ch.20

“The theory that Divine Providence does not extend to man, and that there is no difference between man and other animals, implies very bad notions about God; it disturbs all social order, removes and destroys all the moral and intellectual virtues of man.”

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Maimónides книга The Guide for the Perplexed

Источник: Guide for the Perplexed (c. 1190), Part III, Ch.17

“There is no difference whether a person stand at the centre of the earth or at the highest point of the ninth sphere… he is no further away from God in the one case, or nearer to Him in the other; those only approach Him who obtain a knowledge of Him; while those who remain ignorant of Him recede from Him. …I shall further elucidate… what constitutes the difference in our perception of God.”

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Maimónides книга The Guide for the Perplexed

Guide for the Perplexed (c. 1190), Part I

“My opinion is this: the cause of the error of all these schools is their belief that God's knowledge is like ours; each school points to something withheld from our knowledge, and either assumes that the same must be the case in God's knowledge, or at least finds some difficulty how to explain it. …they likewise demonstrated… that our intellect and our knowledge are insufficient to comprehend the true idea of His essence. …they came to the absurd conclusion that that which is required for our knowledge is also required for God's knowledge.”

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Maimónides книга The Guide for the Perplexed

Источник: Guide for the Perplexed (c. 1190), Part III, Ch.20

“The fact that laws were given to man, both affirmative and negative, supports the principle, that God's knowledge of future events does not change their character. The great doubt that presents itself to our mind is the result of the insufficiency of our intellect.”

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Maimónides книга The Guide for the Perplexed

Источник: Guide for the Perplexed (c. 1190), Part III, Ch.20

“Teach your tongue to say "I do not know" and you will progress.”

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Maimónides

This is actually from the Talmud (Tractate Berachot 4a)
Misattributed

“God's knowledge extends to things not in existence, and includes also the infinite.”

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Maimónides книга The Guide for the Perplexed

Источник: Guide for the Perplexed (c. 1190), Part III, Ch.20

“The fundamental imperative about idolatry was that worship was not to be paid to any created thing such as a messenger, a planet, a star, one of the four elements, or to anything produced from them.”

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Maimónides книга Mishneh Torah

Treatise 4: “Idolatry,” H. Russell, trans. (1983), p. 74
Mishneh Torah (c. 1180)

“The key to the understanding and to the full comprehension of all that the Prophets have said is found in the knowledge of the figures, their general ideas, and the meaning of each word they contain.”

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Maimónides книга The Guide for the Perplexed

Guide for the Perplexed (c. 1190), Introduction

“The prophet [ Isaiah ]… points out what will be the cause of this change; for he says that hatred, quarrel, and fighting will come to an end, because men will have a true knowledge of God. "They shall not hurt nor destroy in all my holy mountain: for the earth shall be full of the knowledge of the Lord, as the waters which cover the sea" (Isa. xi. ver. 9) Note it.”

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Maimónides книга The Guide for the Perplexed

Источник: Guide for the Perplexed (c. 1190), Part III, Ch.11

“Third Theory.—According to this theory, there is nothing in the whole Universe… that is due to chance; everything is the result of will, intention, and rule. It is a matter of course that he who rules must know. The Mohametan Ashariyah adhere to this theory, notwithstanding evident absurdities implied in it. …The Ashariyah were therefore compelled to assume that motion and rest of living beings are predestined, and that it is not in the power of a man to do a certain thing or to leave it undone. …It follows also from this theory, that precepts are perfectly useless, since the people to whom any law is given… can neither do what they are commanded nor abstain from what they are forbidden. …According to this theory, it must also be assumed that the actions of God have no final cause. All these absurdities are admitted by the Ashariyah for the purpose of saving this theory.”

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Maimónides книга The Guide for the Perplexed

Источник: Guide for the Perplexed (c. 1190), Part III, Ch.17

“Whatever form it has, it [matter] will be disposed to receive another form; it never leaves off moving and casting off the form which it has in order to receive another. …It is therefore clear that all corruption, destruction, or defect comes from matter.”

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Maimónides книга The Guide for the Perplexed

Источник: Guide for the Perplexed (c. 1190), Part III, Ch.8

“A man shall not be full of laughter and mockery, nor sad and mournful, but joyful. … His desire shall not be so great that he rushes for wealth, nor shall he be lazy and refrain from working. But he shall live in contentment, have a modest occupation, and be occupied mainly with the Torah.”

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Maimónides

Источник: Hilkhot De'ot (Laws Concerning Character Traits), Chapter 2, Section 7, p. 33

“Know that for the human mind there are certain objects of perception which are within the scope of its nature and capacity; on the other hand, there are, amongst things which actually exist, certain objects which the mind can in no way and by no means grasp: the gates of perception are closed against it. Further, there are things of which the mind understands one part, but remains ignorant of the other; and when man is able to comprehend certain things, it does not follow that he must be able to comprehend everything.”

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Maimónides книга The Guide for the Perplexed

Источник: Guide for the Perplexed (c. 1190), Part I, p.106 (1881) Tr. Friedlander

“Every Israelite has a duty to study whether he is poor or rich, whether healthy or suffering, whether young or very old and in failing strength, even if he is poor and supported by charity or begs from door to door.”

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Maimónides книга Mishneh Torah

Treatise 3: “The Study of the Torah,” Chapter 1, Section 8, H. Russell, trans. (1983), p. 51
Mishneh Torah (c. 1180)

“No form remains permanently in a substance; a constant change takes place, one form is taken off and another is put on.”

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Maimónides книга The Guide for the Perplexed

Источник: Guide for the Perplexed (c. 1190), Part III, Ch.8

“Some consider… all wants of the body as shame, disgrace, and defect to which they are compelled to attend; this is chiefly the case with the sense of touch, which is a disgrace to us according to Aristotle, and which is the cause of our desire for eating, drinking, and sensuality. Intelligent persons must, as much as possible, reduce these wants, guard against them, abstain from speaking of them, discussing them, and attending to them in company of others. Man must have control over all these desires, reduce them as much as possible, and only retain of them as much as is indispensable. His aim must be the aim of man as man, viz., the formation of ideas, and nothing else. The best and sublimest among them is the idea which man forms of God, angels, and the rest of the creation according to his capacity. Such men are always with God, and of them it is said, "Ye are princes, and all of you are children of the Most High."”

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Maimónides книга The Guide for the Perplexed

(Ps. lxxxii. 6) This is man's task and purpose.
Источник: Guide for the Perplexed (c. 1190), Part III, Ch.8

“Men frequently think that the evils in the world are more numerous than the good things; many sayings and songs of the nations dwell on this idea. …Not only common people make this mistake, but even many who think they are wise.”

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Maimónides книга The Guide for the Perplexed

Источник: Guide for the Perplexed (c. 1190), Part III, Ch.12

“Now I wonder what our knowledge has in common with God's knowledge according to those who treat God's knowledge… Is there anything else common to both besides the mere name? …there is an essential distinction between His knowledge and ours, like the distinction between the substance of the heavens and that of the earth.”

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Maimónides книга The Guide for the Perplexed

Источник: Guide for the Perplexed (c. 1190), Part III, Ch.20

“In my larger work, the Mishnah Torah, I have contented myself with briefly stating the principles of our faith and its fundamental truths, together with such hints as approach a clear exposition. In this work, however, I address those who have studied philosophy and have acquired sound knowledge, and who while firm in religious matters are perplexed and bewildered on account of the ambiguous and figurative expressions employed in the holy writings.”

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Maimónides книга The Guide for the Perplexed

Guide for the Perplexed (c. 1190), Introduction

“An ignorant man believes that the whole universe only exists for him: as if nothing else required any consideration. If, therefore, anything happens to him contrary to his expectation, he at once concludes that the whole universe is evil. If, however, he would take into consideration the whole universe, form an idea of it, and comprehend what a small portion he is of the Universe, he will find the truth. There are many… passages in the books of the prophets expressing the same idea.”

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Maimónides книга The Guide for the Perplexed

Maimonides provides examples here from (Ps. cxliv. 4), (Job xxv. 6 & iv. 19) and (Isa. xl. 15).
Источник: Guide for the Perplexed (c. 1190), Part III, Ch.12

“This gift… which God gave us in order to enable us to perfect ourselves, to learn and to teach, must not be employed in doing that which is for us most degrading and perfectly disgraceful… Those who employ the faculty of thinking and speaking in the service of that sense which is no honour to us, who think more than necessary of drink and love, or even sing of these things; they employ and use the divine gift in acts of rebellion against the Giver, and in transgression of his commandments.”

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Maimónides книга The Guide for the Perplexed

Источник: Guide for the Perplexed (c. 1190), Part III, Ch.8

“The generation of Isaiah did not require the detailed description; his account, "I saw the Lord," &c., sufficed. The generation of the Babylonian exile wanted to learn all the details. …Isaiah was so familiar with it that he did not consider it necessary to communicate it to others as a new thing, especially as it was well known to the intelligent.”

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Maimónides книга The Guide for the Perplexed

Источник: Guide for the Perplexed (c. 1190), Part III, Ch.6

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